Контрольная «Перевод+задание»,
Английский язык в Челябинске

DIESEL TRACTION (1) Diesel traction is associated with the name of Rudolf Diesel who in 1892 patented an engine to run on cheap oil fuel. The engine proved very economical and up to now bears the name of its inventor. The diesel engine belongs to the class of internal-combustion engines in which the fuel is burnt inside the engine itself. It is this feature that makes the engine very efficient. You know the diesel engine to be similar in many respects to the kind of engine we use in our automobiles except that it burns oil instead oil gasoline and is very much larger and far more efficient. (2) The first diesel engines were too heavy to be installed in railway vehicles. R. Diesel believed these efficient prime movers to find application on the railways. (3)The idea of creating a new kind of motive power for locomotives interested Russian scientists and engineers long ago. Great contribution to the solution of this problem was made by the Higher Technical School in Moscow. Thus Prof. Grenevetsky designed an original diesel engine to meet the requirements of railway service while Shelest proposed a project of an original diesel locomotive and patented it in Russia and England. Nevertheless, in pre- revolutionary Russia these as well as many other projects were not realized. (4)The transport difficulties in the early twenties made railway engineers turn their attention to diesel traction. Large-scale research and experimental work was done despite the great economic difficulties. (5)We may consider November 6, 1924 to be the birthday of the world's first main- line diesel-electric locomotive. This 1,000 hp unit was built to Gakkel's design. Now our country's works turn out a lot of diesel locomotives which are used not only in this country but exported to several countries abroad. (6)Modern diesel locomotives are known to have a lot of highly compli Cated machinery which must be regularly examined if the reliability of locomotives and safety of passengers and freight are to be maintained. At present, diesel locomotives are reported to handle about 50 per cent of the transportation. The passenger diesels such as «ТЕР70» and «ТЕР - 80» can run at a speed of 160—200 km/h, and freight diesels such as «2ТЕ -116» can handle 8,000 ton trains and more, the power of their diesel-generatorequipment reaching 6,000 hp. The railways need highly qualified engineers and drivers to operate diesels successfully. (7)The work of a modern diesel locomotive completely differs from a steam locomotive driver. The modern driver sits comfortably in an upholstered chair in a very clean cab. Right in front of him he has a large glass window which gives him a splendid view of the line ahead. In wet or snowy weather, a powerful screen wiper keeps the glass clean. Besides that, there are special fans to prevent window glass from freezing in coldwinter. All the information the driver requires, speed, pressure, engine temperature is given by a few dials and warning lights on an instrument panel in front of him. (8)The driver's control cab which is made as sound-proof as possible is constructed of a thin iron sheet lined with wooden panels on the inside. The side windows of the cab for the driver and his assistant are made to slide, and the others are of the drop type as those used in carriages. Найдите в тексте и запишите на английском языке следующие понятия: I вариант –дизельная тяга, двигатель внутреннего сгорания, железнодорожные транспортные средства, найти применение II вариант - движущая сила, железнодорожное обслуживание, дизельный двигатель, крупно масштабное исследование III вариант - современные дизельные локомотивы, безопасность пассажиров и груза, скорость, оборудование IV вариант – машинист, температура двигателя, давление, стеклоочиститель. 3.Найдите в тексте и ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы: 1.What is diesel traction associated with? 2. Were the first diesel engines too heavy to be installed in railway vehicles? 3. What the class does the diesel engine belong to? II вариант 1.When was great contribution to the solution of this problem made by the Higher Technical School? 2. What interested Russian scientists and engineers long ago? 3. What was done despite the great economic difficulties? III вариант 1.Can the passenger diesels such as «ТЕР-70» and «ТЕР- 80» run at a speed of 160—200 km/h? 2. What can you say about freight diesels such as «2 ТЕ -116»? 3.Why do the railways need highly qualified engineers and drivers? IVвариант 1. What does the work of a modern diesel locomotive differ from? 2. When does a powerful screen wiper keep the glass clean? 3. What the information does the driver require?